Parshas Vaeschanan (Nachamu) 5785
- Torah Tavlin
- Aug 8
- 3 min read
עבודה זרה דף מח:
"זה וזה גורם"
The Mishnah says: One may plant ירקות under an אשירה tree in the winter, because the shade from the tree is detrimental to the vegetables, so there is no הנאה being received from the אשירה. In the summertime, when the shade is beneficial to the vegetables, it is אסור to plant under the tree. ר' יוסי says one may not plant under the tree even in the winter because the leaves fall off & fertilize the vegetables, thus there is a benefit being received. This מחלוקת is based on זה וזה גורם; if an item is the product of a combination of 2 contributing factors, one of which is a דבר אסור which would render this outcome אסור בהנאה and the other is a דבר מותר. What is the status of this item? Some hold זה וזה גורם מותר and some hold אסור. So, in our case even though the vegetables are being fertilized by the leaves, they are also being nourished by the ground.
The [יו"ד ס' קמב, יא] שו"ע paskens: it is מותר to plant ירקות under an אשירה both in the winter & in the summer because זה וזה גורם מותר. Thus, a field that was fertilized with זבל of ע"ז, one may plant on it, as it is growing due to the permissible ground & the זבל. Also, a בהמה that was fed & fattened with feed from ע"ז, its בשר may still be eaten. The ט"ז says, זה וזה גורם is מותר only בדיעבד. Even though the מחבר says it’s מותר לזרוע under a אשירה tree, which is משמע לכתחילה, this is only by זריעה because בשעת זריעה there is no immediate הנאה, only later does it grow, so that isממילא קאתי therefore מותר. But in other cases of זה וזה גורם it is only מותר בדיעבד.
The [יו"ד ס' ס', א'] רמ"א says: A בהמה that was fattened with דברים אסורים is מותר לאכילה. If it has only been fed דברים אסורים its entire life, then it is אסור באכילה. The [ב'] פתחי תשובה explains: this is only if one slaughtered the animal immediately. But if one fed this animal for 2 to 3 days דברים מותרים even if it has eaten דברים אסורים its whole life, it would be מותר לאכילה. This is because this is no different than an animal eating איסור והיתר its whole life where we say זה וזה גורם, so here too, once it has been fed היתר we may apply זה וזה and it’s מותר באכילה. The ש"ך brings the מרדכי who is מחלק between איסור הנאה & איסור אכילה. If the בהמה ate איסורי אכילה, when one eats the בהמה it is not considered as if he is eating the actual איסור because מעוכל כשרוף ie; digestion is like burning it. משא"כ if the בהמה ate איסורי הנאה, the איסור helped it grow to this state & eating the animal is having benefit from the איסורי הנאה. (Similar to our case of vegetables under the shade of an אשרה.)
The [או"ח תמ"ח,ז'] מחבר says: One may not give his animal to a goy on פסח if he knows the goy will feed it חמץ. The משנ"ב explains: Because the Yid will be benefiting from the goy’s חמץ and the חמץ of a goy is also אסור בהנאה. The משנ"ב says: if בדיעבד the goy did feed the Yid’s בהמה chametz, the Yid may still eat the בשר בהמה on פסח as per our halacha of (זה וזה גורם). The משנ"ב says: regarding drinking milk from a cow that was fed חמץ there is a מחלוקת אחרונים. The פרי מגדים is מתיר only if one waited מעת לעת from when it ate the חמץ. However, יש מקילין even if it ate איסור that day, as long as in the morning and evening it also ate דברים מותרים.