Parshas Emor 5785
- Torah Tavlin
- May 14
- 3 min read
שבועות דף יא.
"תמידין שלא הוצרכו לציבור נפדין תמימים"
Rabbah explains the lomdus: Although the lambs being held in the בית המקדש for the קרבן תמיד have a קדושת הגוף which does not allow them to be redeemed (only קדושת דמים may be redeemed), if these lambs are left over from the previous year, since they may not be used for the new year, they may be redeemed with money. This is because "לב ב"ד מתנה עליהן". This means that the גזברים have in mind (stipulate) that if they end up not being used within the year, their original קדושה should only be a קדושת דמים and not a קדושת הגוף, thus allowing them to be redeemed. The ריטב"א explains their status is תלויים ועומדים until it’s determined if they are needed this year or not. Additionally, although this is not a תנאי מפורש it is treated as if it is was said explicitly.
The [או"ח קנ"ד, סי' ח] רמ"א quotes the תרומת הדשן: Nowadays we are נוהג to have הנאה from many items of דברי קדושה, like the מעיל of a ס"ת or like the שולחן of the בהכנ"ס. This is because since it’s "אי אפשר ליזהר", and the עולם is נוהג to do this, since it is difficult to be careful to avoid this, לב ב"ד מתנה that these usages should be permitted, so as to avoid any תקלה. In באור הלכה the ח"ח says it’s משמע from the לשון of the תרומת הדשן that if it’s אפשר ליזהר, then we do not say לב ב"ד מתנה. In משנ"ב [לה] he quotes the תרומת הדשן that understandably לב ב"ד מתנה only applies to items of the כלל in the בהכנ"ס. So, if one has a private ס"ת in his house, he may not use the מעיל and rely on לב ב"ד.
The [סי' ט'] שו"ע says: If one donates a ס"ת to shul, it’s cover (מטפחת), may be used for a different ס"ת in shul, "שלדעת כולן הוקדשו". But if one had a private ס"ת in his house first and then donated it to the בהכנ"ס it’s cover may not be used for a different ס"ת. But יש מתירין. The רמ"א says וכן נוהגין (להיתר) because of לב ב"ד מתנה. In באור הלכה the ח"ח asks, based on how we explained the תרומת הדשן above, that on a private ס"ת it’s not שייך to say לב ב"ד מתנה, here too, since this ס"ת was originally privately owned and the מטפחת was נתקדש in the house without any intentions of later donating it to the shul, how can the רמ"א say unequivocally that לב ב"ד will work? וצ"ע.
The [ס' קנ"ד אות כז'] פסקי תשובות says: based on the לשון of the תרומת הדשן, of "אי אפשר ליזהר", people are נוהג to be משתמש with the בימה and the מפה that’s on it, by placing seforim on it and leaning on it, even though they are תשמישי קדושה. Some are מחמיר to place a designated מפה on top of the בימה before קריה"ת and then remove it afterwards. This מפה is then put away and treated like other תשמישי קדושה. He adds (159), that although banging on the בימה to silence the עולם or to make an announcement, might not be considered a דבר גנאי as it’s for a דבר מצוה, a מדקדק במעשיו should move away the מפה and bang directly on the בימה as that is a תשמיש דתשמיש and קיל טפי.עיין משנ"ב קמא סק"ד