Parshas Ki Sisa (Parah) 5786
- Torah Tavlin
- 1 day ago
- 3 min read
מנחות דף נ. "קטורת- לא שכיחא ומעתרא"
If the תמיד של שחר was not brought in the morning, the תמיד של בין הערבים may still be brought in the afternoon. ר' שמעון says: this is true only if the כהנים were either שוגגין or אונסין. If they were מזידין then as a קנס the בין הערבים may not be brought in the afternoon. The Gemara adds that it actually is brought, but not by the כהנים that were מזידין but by other כהנים. But if the קטורת was not brought in the morning, the afternoon קטורת may be brought, even if the כהנים were מזידין, since the תמיד של שחר is a עולה, the כהנים might be lax in that עבודה because a עולה is a common occurrence so it wasn’t special to them. However, קטורת since it’s not שכיח because it’s only brought twice a day and it’s מעתרא (enriches the one who brings it), they weren’t lax with that עבודה so a קנס was not needed to be instituted. תוס' says: the עיקר טעם for no קנס by the קטורת is because it is לא שכיח but not because it enriched the כהן because a עולה just like קטורת also enriches itsמקריב .תוס' יו"ט says our תוס' is not מדוייק because the Gemara [יומא כו.] concludes that only the קטורת is מעשרת. The Gemara says: "לעולם לא שנה אדם בה". When they would do the lottery (פייס) in the בהמקד"ש to see who would do the עבודת הקטורת they would only let כהנים who never did it before join the lottery [חדשים לקטורת]. This way everyone could get a chance to bring the ketores because the קטורת was מעשרת so we wanted everyone to get the זכות. How do we know the קטורת was מעשרת? If it’s because the pasuk says ישימו קטורת and right after it says ברך ה' חילו in that same pasuk, it also says כליל which refers to a עולה so the עולה should also beמעשרת ? The Gemara answers:הא שכיחא הא לא שכיחא . Rashi explains it is more מסתברא that the עשירות is going on the קטורת which is an עבודה done only twice a day and not שכיח than on a עולה which is very common, because then everyone would beעשירים . The תוס' ישנים learns differently than רש"י and explains: really a עולה is alsoמעשרת . When the Gemara says הא שכיחא והא לא שכיחא it is referring to a עולה that can be brought at any time. So, although a עולה is also מעשרת it’s the קטורת that’s an uncommon עבודה so we wanted every כהן to get a chance to do it. But not because it’s מעשרת, because a עולה is alsoמעשרת , rather since it’s a rare הקרבה we wanted to give every כהן a chance.
The [יו"ד רסה, יא] רמ"א brings the מהרי"ל: A סנדק has קדימה over the מוהל regarding an Aliya, because it’s as if he’s being מקטיר the קטורת. Thus, the מנהג is that just like we are מקפיד not to give the קטורת to the same כהן twice, so too a father should not use the same סנדק for 2 sons but should give סנדקאות to different people. The [יו"ד מהדו"ק ס' פו] נודע ביהודה was asked: May a father be מכבד the same person for סנדקאות twice? He concludes that since this מהרי"ל is not based on anything in ש"ס but only בדרך דרוש it is not לעכובא nor is it a מנהג קבוע so one may use the same person twice. He also says, based on the above comparison to קטורת once one receives סנדקאות in his lifetime, he should never get it again, like קטורת. ע"ש באריכות